Orval: Import-time RCE via array-items default -> zod module-level template literal
Published Aug 19, 2026
9.3
CRITICALCVSS 4.0
EPSS 0.65%
Description
Orval generates type-safe JavaScript clients in TypeScript from OpenAPI v3 and Swagger v2 specifications. Prior to 8.21.0, a ${...} expression or backtick in an array item default is emitted into a module-level template literal emitted by zod schema generation without safe encoding. This permits attacker-controlled JavaScript to be evaluated when the generated zod schema module is imported, resulting in code execution in the developer, CI, test, or application environment. The affected code is packages/zod/src/index.ts function formatDefaultValue. This issue is fixed in version 8.21.0.
Affected products
-
- Version < 8.21.0StatusaffectedConstraints-
- Version
Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).
| Vendor | Product | Default status | Versions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orval-Labs | Orval | n/a |
|
No data.
No data.
No Red Hat product state for this CVE.
orval
npm
Introduced 0 Fixed 8.21.0
| Ecosystem | Package | Introduced | Fixed |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm | orval | 0 | 8.21.0 |
Remediation
No remediation recorded yet.
Metrics
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
1 other source (NVD) ▾
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
No CVSS v3.1 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v3.0 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v2.0 score for this CVE.
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
CISA SSVC (Vulnrichment)
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization from CISA ADP.
Exploitation
PoCAutomatable
YesTechnical Impact
TotalDecision
n/aAssessed Aug 25, 2026 · SSVC 2.0.3
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 2, 2026.
Score over time
Aug–Oct 2026- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v5
Table of values (2 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2, 2026 | 0.65% (0.00653) | 49.47th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Aug 20, 2026 | 0.48% (0.00478) | 39.50th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
References (6)
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g Advisory
- https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g exploitx_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71869
| Link | Providers | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g | Advisory | |
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/commit/8ef1bfdf3f9bcaf9dabfbe2e42887f1c0e159ab6 | x_refsource_MISC | |
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/pull/3692 | x_refsource_MISC | |
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/releases/tag/v8.21.0 | x_refsource_MISC | |
| https://github.com/orval-labs/orval/security/advisories/GHSA-2h9g-j24r-h63g | exploitx_refsource_CONFIRM | |
| https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71869 |
Change history (0)
No recorded changes yet.