OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is vulnerable to signature validation bypass
Published Feb 3, 2023
6.0
MEDIUMCVSS 4.0
EPSS 0.22%
Description
OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo is a library for secure smart contract development written in Cairo for StarkNet, a decentralized ZK Rollup. `is_valid_eth_signature` is missing a call to `finalize_keccak` after calling `verify_eth_signature`. As a result, any contract using `is_valid_eth_signature` from the account library (such as the `EthAccount` preset) is vulnerable to a malicious sequencer. Specifically, the malicious sequencer would be able to bypass signature validation to impersonate an instance of these accounts. The issue has been patched in 0.6.1.
Affected products
-
- Version >= 0.2.0, < 0.6.1StatusaffectedConstraints-
- Version
Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).
| Vendor | Product | Default status | Versions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpenZeppelin | Cairo-Contracts | n/a |
|
- ≥ 0.2.0 · < 0.6.1
No data.
No Red Hat product state for this CVE.
No package ranges for this CVE.
Remediation
No remediation recorded yet.
Metrics
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
1 other source (GitHub) ▾
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L
No CVSS v3.0 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v2.0 score for this CVE.
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
CISA SSVC (Vulnrichment)
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization from CISA ADP.
Exploitation
NoneAutomatable
NoTechnical Impact
PartialDecision
n/aAssessed Mar 10, 2025 · SSVC 2.0.3
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 3, 2026.
Score over time
2023–2026- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Table of values (10 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 3, 2026 | 0.22% (0.00220) | 11.41th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jun 15, 2026 | 0.22% (0.00220) | 12.37th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Mar 17, 2025 | 0.05% (0.00049) | 12.27th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 12, 2024 | 0.06% (0.00063) | 28.92th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| May 17, 2024 | 0.06% (0.00062) | 25.94th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Feb 10, 2024 | 0.06% (0.00062) | 23.90th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Jan 4, 2024 | 0.05% (0.00052) | 18.34th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 7, 2023 | 0.05% (0.00049) | 15.33th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 6, 2023 | 0.89% (0.00885) | 27.89th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 4, 2023 | 0.89% (0.00885) | 27.41th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
References (5)
- https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299 x_refsource_MISCPatchThird Party Advisory
- https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4 x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4 Advisory
- https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/openzeppelin-cairo-contracts/PYSEC-2023-39.yaml
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23940
| Link | Providers | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/pull/542/commits/6d4cb750478fca2fd916f73297632f899aca9299 | x_refsource_MISCPatchThird Party Advisory | |
| https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/cairo-contracts/security/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4 | x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory | |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-626q-v9j4-mcp4 | Advisory | |
| https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/openzeppelin-cairo-contracts/PYSEC-2023-39.yaml | ||
| https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23940 |
Change history (0)
No recorded changes yet.