CVE-2018-4478 — A validation issue was addressed with improved logic

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MEDIUM

A validation issue was addressed with improved logic

Published Dec 23, 2021

6.8

MEDIUM

CVSS 3.1

EPSS 0.27%

Description

A validation issue was addressed with improved logic. This issue is fixed in macOS High Sierra 10.13.5, Security Update 2018-003 Sierra, Security Update 2018-003 El Capitan. An attacker with physical access to a device may be able to elevate privileges.

Affected products

Vendor Apple Product macOS Default
n/a
- Version
  unspecified
  Status
  affected
  Constraints
  <10.13

Default status is the baseline for the product, each version can override it (e.g. patched versions marked unaffected).

Vendor

Product

Default status

Versions

Apple

macOS

n/a

Version	Status	Constraints
unspecified	affected	<10.13

Remediation

No remediation recorded yet.

Metrics

0.27% 0.00275

Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 1, 2026.

EPSS probability 0.00275

Score over time

2021–2026

EPSS v1
EPSS v5
EPSS v2
EPSS v3
EPSS v4

Percentile over time

EPSS v1
EPSS v5
EPSS v2
EPSS v3
EPSS v4

Table of values (11 key points)

Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.

Date	Score	Percentile	Model
Oct 1, 2026	0.27% (0.00275)	17.96th	v5 (v2026.06.15)
Jun 15, 2026	0.27% (0.00275)	18.97th	v5 (v2026.06.15)
Mar 17, 2025	0.04% (0.00042)	9.84th	v4 (v2025.03.14)
Dec 12, 2024	0.07% (0.00066)	31.08th	v3 (v2023.03.01)
Jun 12, 2024	0.06% (0.00058)	24.01th	v3 (v2023.03.01)
Sep 3, 2023	0.06% (0.00058)	21.98th	v3 (v2023.03.01)
Mar 7, 2023	0.05% (0.00053)	19.43th	v3 (v2023.03.01)
Mar 6, 2023	0.89% (0.00885)	27.89th	v2 (v2022.01.01)
Feb 4, 2022	0.89% (0.00885)	10.50th	v2 (v2022.01.01)
Feb 3, 2022	0.06% (0.00061)	0.14th	v5 (v2026.06.15)
Dec 24, 2021	0.42% (0.00416)	26.33th	v1