struts: Possible manipulation of return result and bypassing validation
Published Jul 4, 2016
7.5
HIGHCVSS 3.0
EPSS 9.75%
Description
Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct redirection attacks by leveraging a default method.
Affected products
No data.
No data.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5
struts
Not affected
Red Hat Satellite 5
struts
Not affected
| Product | Package | State | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 | struts | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat Satellite 5 | struts | Not affected | n/a |
No package ranges for this CVE.
Remediation
Red Hat statement
A previous statement by Red Hat related to this CVE, prior to August 2019, said that Apache Struts 2 is not included in any Red Hat products. This earlier statement was incorrect. While Struts 2 is not actively compiled, shipped, used, or enabled in any Red Hat provided final products, and does not cause any vulnerability in the product, struts2-core jars have been included in some products' source code packages. The inclusion was part of an import of the Google Guice repository, which includes struts2-core. Customers that build artefacts from our source code could be at risk. Red Hat will remove these artefacts from source code in future releases. The products that included the Struts 2 artefacts in their source jars: Fuse Service Works 6.0.0 Single Sign On 7.3.0+ If you have used the source package from one of these products to build artefacts on your system, you should do the following to remove potentially affected jars: 1. Run 'find . -name struts2*.jar' under the source location 2. Remove any files found This will not affect the product, as the jar is included with the source of google-guice, but no functionality requiring struts2 is implemented.
Metrics
No CVSS v4.0 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v3.1 score for this CVE.
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
No CISA SSVC assessment for this CVE yet.
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 1, 2026.
Score over time
2022–2026- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Table of values (18 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2026 | 9.75% (0.09755) | 95.39th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jun 15, 2026 | 10.01% (0.10013) | 95.00th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Mar 30, 2026 | 8.17% (0.08174) | 92.15th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 17, 2026 | 12.04% (0.12041) | 93.69th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 4, 2026 | 10.90% (0.10897) | 93.25th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Feb 19, 2026 | 15.04% (0.15041) | 94.42th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Jun 22, 2025 | 22.06% (0.22062) | 95.47th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| May 4, 2025 | 10.90% (0.10897) | 92.98th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 30, 2025 | 22.06% (0.22062) | 95.30th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 29, 2025 | 24.44% (0.24443) | 93.71th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 17, 2025 | 22.06% (0.22062) | 95.33th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Jan 27, 2025 | 12.46% (0.12459) | 95.45th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Dec 17, 2024 | 9.20% (0.09199) | 94.66th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 6, 2024 | 0.91% (0.00914) | 82.41th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 7, 2023 | 0.91% (0.00914) | 80.40th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 6, 2023 | 6.23% (0.06231) | 90.73th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Apr 1, 2022 | 6.23% (0.06231) | 89.87th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 4, 2022 | 6.23% (0.06231) | 77.72th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
References (14)
- http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN45093481/index.html third-party-advisoryx_refsource_JVNVendor Advisory
- http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000113 third-party-advisoryx_refsource_JVNDBVDB EntryVendor Advisory
- http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S1009282 x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory
- http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21987854 x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory
- http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html x_refsource_CONFIRM
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91284 vdb-entryx_refsource_BID
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2016-4431 Vendor Advisory
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1348252 x_refsource_CONFIRMIssue Tracking
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vq79-mgpx-2wx4 Advisory
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/eccc31ebce5430f9e91b9684c63eaaf885e603f9
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4431
- https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-040.html x_refsource_CONFIRMVendor Advisory
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210123145002/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91284
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4431
Change history (0)
No recorded changes yet.