HIGH
Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions
Published Apr 26, 2016
8.1
HIGHCVSS 3.0
EPSS 93.35%
Description
Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
Affected products
No data.
Configuration 1
OR
- 2.0.0
- 2.0.1
- 2.0.2
- 2.0.3
- 2.0.4
- 2.0.5
- 2.0.6
- 2.0.7
- 2.0.8
- 2.0.9
- 2.0.10
- 2.0.11
- 2.0.11.1
- 2.0.11.2
- 2.0.12
- 2.0.13
- 2.0.14
- 2.1.0
- 2.1.1
- 2.1.2
- 2.1.3
- 2.1.4
- 2.1.5
- 2.1.6
- 2.1.8
- 2.1.8.1
- 2.2.1
- 2.2.1.1
- 2.2.3
- 2.2.3.1
- 2.3.1
- 2.3.1.1
- 2.3.1.2
- 2.3.3
- 2.3.4
- 2.3.4.1
- 2.3.7
- 2.3.8
- 2.3.12
- 2.3.14
- 2.3.14.1
- 2.3.14.2
- 2.3.14.3
- 2.3.15
- 2.3.15.1
- 2.3.15.2
- 2.3.15.3
- 2.3.16
- 2.3.16.1
- 2.3.16.2
- 2.3.16.3
- 2.3.20
- 2.3.20.1
- 2.3.24
- 2.3.24.1
- 2.3.28
Configuration 2
- 7.1
No data.
No Red Hat product state for this CVE.
No package ranges for this CVE.
Remediation
No remediation recorded yet.
Metrics
No CVSS v4.0 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v3.1 score for this CVE.
8.1 HIGH NVD
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack Vector Network
Attack Complexity High
Privileges Required None
User Interaction None
Scope Unchanged
Confidentiality Impact High
Integrity Impact High
Availability Impact High
9.3 HIGH NVD
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
Access Vector Network
Access Complexity Medium
Authentication None
Confidentiality Impact Complete
Integrity Impact Complete
Availability Impact Complete
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
No CISA SSVC assessment for this CVE yet.
93.35% 0.93352
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 1, 2026.
EPSS probability 0.93352
Score over time
2022–2026- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Table of values (16 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2026 | 93.35% (0.93352) | 99.84th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 93.35% (0.93352) | 99.83th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 82.86% (0.82855) | 99.66th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Sep 6, 2026 | 93.35% (0.93352) | 99.83th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Sep 5, 2026 | 82.86% (0.82855) | 99.66th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Aug 30, 2026 | 93.35% (0.93352) | 99.83th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Aug 28, 2026 | 82.86% (0.82855) | 99.66th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Aug 24, 2026 | 93.35% (0.93352) | 99.83th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Aug 23, 2026 | 82.86% (0.82855) | 99.66th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jul 24, 2026 | 92.86% (0.92858) | 99.82th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jun 15, 2026 | 94.16% (0.94160) | 99.84th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Mar 17, 2025 | 93.95% (0.93950) | 99.88th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 12, 2024 | 97.52% (0.97524) | 99.99th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 7, 2023 | 97.52% (0.97524) | 99.97th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 6, 2023 | 95.62% (0.95616) | 99.98th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 4, 2022 | 95.62% (0.95616) | 99.98th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
Weaknesses (1)
References (16)
- http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html x_refsource_MISCExploitThird Party Advisory
- http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en x_refsource_CONFIRM
- http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html x_refsource_CONFIRMPatchThird Party Advisory
- http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html x_refsource_CONFIRMVendor Advisory
- http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec x_refsource_MISCThird Party Advisory
- http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec x_refsource_MISC
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327 vdb-entryx_refsource_BID
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787 vdb-entryx_refsource_BIDThird Party AdvisoryVDB Entry
- http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665 vdb-entryx_refsource_SECTRACKThird Party AdvisoryVDB Entry
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm Advisory
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3081
- https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html x_refsource_CONFIRMPatchVendor Advisory
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210123152457/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210225192113/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210226011418/http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665
- https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/ exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB
Change history (0)
No recorded changes yet.
Sources
CVE.org / MITRE
Status PUBLISHED
Assigner redhat
Published Apr 26, 2016
Updated Aug 5, 2024
Reserved Mar 10, 2016
Link CVE-2016-3081
CISA Vulnrichment
GHSA-8C6J-FFMF-Q6VM Updated n/a