Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step
Published Sep 6, 2017
5.3
MEDIUMCVSS 3.0
EPSS 2.06%
Description
Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.
Affected products
No data.
- ≤ 1.1.0
No data.
No Red Hat product state for this CVE.
No package ranges for this CVE.
Remediation
No remediation recorded yet.
Metrics
No CVSS v4.0 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v3.1 score for this CVE.
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
No CISA SSVC assessment for this CVE yet.
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 1, 2026.
Score over time
2022–2026- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Table of values (13 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2026 | 2.06% (0.02058) | 80.60th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jun 15, 2026 | 1.78% (0.01782) | 75.33th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Mar 30, 2025 | 0.83% (0.00829) | 72.34th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 29, 2025 | 2.34% (0.02336) | 74.75th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 17, 2025 | 0.99% (0.00988) | 75.29th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 12, 2024 | 0.23% (0.00233) | 62.28th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| May 8, 2023 | 0.23% (0.00233) | 59.87th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Apr 26, 2023 | 0.25% (0.00253) | 61.62th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 7, 2023 | 0.35% (0.00354) | 67.52th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 6, 2023 | 1.03% (0.01034) | 41.69th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Sep 10, 2022 | 1.03% (0.01034) | 39.91th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Apr 1, 2022 | 1.03% (0.01034) | 37.91th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 4, 2022 | 1.03% (0.01034) | 20.32th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
References (11)
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/06/20/4 mailing-listx_refsource_MLISTMailing ListVDB Entry
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/06/2
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/17/2 mailing-listx_refsource_MLISTMailing ListVDB Entry
- http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789 vdb-entryx_refsource_BIDThird Party AdvisoryVDB Entry
- https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=798466 x_refsource_MISCMailing ListThird Party Advisory
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7 Advisory
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/devise-two-factor/CVE-2015-7225.yml
- https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory
- https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45#issuecomment-139335608 x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7225
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210122192452/https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789/
| Link | Providers | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/06/20/4 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLISTMailing ListVDB Entry | |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/06/2 | ||
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/09/17/2 | mailing-listx_refsource_MLISTMailing ListVDB Entry | |
| http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789 | vdb-entryx_refsource_BIDThird Party AdvisoryVDB Entry | |
| https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=798466 | x_refsource_MISCMailing ListThird Party Advisory | |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7 | Advisory | |
| https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/devise-two-factor/CVE-2015-7225.yml | ||
| https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md | x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory | |
| https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45#issuecomment-139335608 | x_refsource_CONFIRMThird Party Advisory | |
| https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-7225 | ||
| https://web.archive.org/web/20210122192452/https://www.securityfocus.com/bid/76789/ |
Change history (0)
No recorded changes yet.