Xdebug Remote Debugger Unauthenticated OS Command Execution
Published Jul 23, 2025
9.3
CRITICALCVSS 4.0
EPSS 7.39%
Description
An unauthenticated OS command injection vulnerability exists within Xdebug versions 2.5.5 and earlier, a PHP debugging extension developed by Derick Rethans. When remote debugging is enabled, Xdebug listens on port 9000 and accepts debugger protocol commands without authentication. An attacker can send a crafted eval command over this interface to execute arbitrary PHP code, which may invoke system-level functions such as system() or passthru(). This results in full compromise of the host under the privileges of the web server user.
Affected products
-
- Version 0StatusaffectedConstraints<=2.5.5
- Version
No data.
No data.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10
php-pecl-xdebug3
Not affected
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
php:7.4/php-pecl-xdebug
Not affected
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
php:8.2/php-pecl-xdebug3
Not affected
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
php-pecl-xdebug3
Not affected
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
php:8.2/php-pecl-xdebug3
Not affected
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
php:8.3/php-pecl-xdebug3
Not affected
Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces
devspaces/udi-rhel8
Not affected
Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces
devspaces/udi-rhel9
Not affected
| Product | Package | State | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 | php-pecl-xdebug3 | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | php:7.4/php-pecl-xdebug | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 | php:8.2/php-pecl-xdebug3 | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | php-pecl-xdebug3 | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | php:8.2/php-pecl-xdebug3 | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 | php:8.3/php-pecl-xdebug3 | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces | devspaces/udi-rhel8 | Not affected | n/a |
| Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces | devspaces/udi-rhel9 | Not affected | n/a |
No package ranges for this CVE.
Remediation
Red Hat statement
All Red Hat offerings use fixed versions of the Xdebug package (used for remote debugging) and are therefore not affected. Exploitation would require xdebug to be installed, enabled, and exposed to attackers which is a unlikely configuration in production environments. No Red Hat offerings enable it by default, reducing the severity to Moderate.
Red Hat mitigation
Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
Metrics
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
1 other source (NVD) ▾
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
No CVSS v3.0 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v2.0 score for this CVE.
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
CISA SSVC (Vulnrichment)
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization from CISA ADP.
Exploitation
PoCAutomatable
YesTechnical Impact
TotalDecision
n/aAssessed Jul 23, 2025 · SSVC 2.0.3
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 1, 2026.
Score over time
2025–2026- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Table of values (16 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2026 | 7.39% (0.07386) | 94.24th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 7.39% (0.07386) | 94.07th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jun 15, 2026 | 5.16% (0.05159) | 91.33th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| May 31, 2026 | 65.71% (0.65707) | 98.52th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| May 19, 2026 | 63.98% (0.63980) | 98.45th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 24, 2026 | 53.64% (0.53644) | 97.97th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 13, 2026 | 55.87% (0.55866) | 98.06th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 12, 2026 | 61.83% (0.61834) | 98.31th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 31, 2025 | 57.24% (0.57243) | 98.04th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 20, 2025 | 51.46% (0.51456) | 97.77th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 19, 2025 | 55.03% (0.55033) | 97.95th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Nov 5, 2025 | 74.89% (0.74887) | 98.80th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Oct 17, 2025 | 76.78% (0.76776) | 98.90th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Oct 9, 2025 | 83.37% (0.83369) | 99.23th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Oct 8, 2025 | 72.23% (0.72232) | 98.68th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Jul 24, 2025 | 0.76% (0.00759) | 72.30th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
References (10)
- http://web.archive.org/web/20231226215418/https://paper.seebug.org/397/ technical-description
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2015-10141 Vendor Advisory
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2383008 Issue Tracking
- https://kirtixs.com/blog/2015/11/13/xpwn-exploiting-xdebug-enabled-servers/ technical-description
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10141
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-10141
- https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44568 exploit
- https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/46000 third-party-advisory
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/xdebug-remote-debugger-unauth-os-command-execution third-party-advisory
- https://xdebug.org/ product
| Link | Providers | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| http://web.archive.org/web/20231226215418/https://paper.seebug.org/397/ | technical-description | |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2015-10141 | Vendor Advisory | |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2383008 | Issue Tracking | |
| https://kirtixs.com/blog/2015/11/13/xpwn-exploiting-xdebug-enabled-servers/ | technical-description | |
| https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-10141 | ||
| https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2015-10141 | ||
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44568 | exploit | |
| https://www.fortiguard.com/encyclopedia/ips/46000 | third-party-advisory | |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/xdebug-remote-debugger-unauth-os-command-execution | third-party-advisory | |
| https://xdebug.org/ | product |
Change history (0)
No recorded changes yet.