struts2: remote execution of arbitrary commands when developer mode is used
Published Jan 8, 2012
6.8
MEDIUMCVSS 2.0
EPSS 72.90%
Description
The DebuggingInterceptor component in Apache Struts before 2.3.1.1, when developer mode is used, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors. NOTE: the vendor characterizes this behavior as not "a security vulnerability itself.
Affected products
Remediation
Red Hat statement
A previous statement by Red Hat related to this CVE, prior to August 2019, said that Apache Struts 2 is not included in any Red Hat products. This earlier statement was incorrect. While Struts 2 is not actively compiled, shipped, used, or enabled in any Red Hat provided final products, and does not cause any vulnerability in the product, struts2-core jars have been included in some products' source code packages. The inclusion was part of an import of the Google Guice repository, which includes struts2-core. Customers that build artefacts from our source code could be at risk. Red Hat will remove these artefacts from source code in future releases. The products that included the Struts 2 artefacts in their source jars: Fuse Service Works 6.0.0 Single Sign On 7.3.0+ If you have used the source package from one of these products to build artefacts on your system, you should do the following to remove potentially affected jars: 1. Run 'find . -name struts2*.jar' under the source location 2. Remove any files found This will not affect the product, as the jar is included with the source of google-guice, but no functionality requiring struts2 is implemented.
Metrics
No CVSS v4.0 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v3.1 score for this CVE.
No CVSS v3.0 score for this CVE.
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
This CVE is not in the KEV list.
No CISA SSVC assessment for this CVE yet.
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 1, 2026.
Score over time
2022–2026- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Table of values (23 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2026 | 72.90% (0.72900) | 99.44th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Aug 23, 2026 | 72.90% (0.72900) | 99.42th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jun 15, 2026 | 74.41% (0.74405) | 99.43th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Dec 24, 2025 | 92.97% (0.92974) | 99.76th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 22, 2025 | 91.11% (0.91108) | 99.62th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Nov 3, 2025 | 92.75% (0.92749) | 99.75th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 17, 2025 | 93.82% (0.93819) | 99.86th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 17, 2024 | 94.89% (0.94890) | 99.46th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Dec 12, 2024 | 93.70% (0.93703) | 99.23th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| May 16, 2024 | 93.79% (0.93787) | 99.11th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 22, 2024 | 94.20% (0.94204) | 99.12th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Jan 27, 2024 | 94.53% (0.94527) | 99.07th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Nov 8, 2023 | 94.52% (0.94515) | 99.02th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Oct 7, 2023 | 95.61% (0.95611) | 99.19th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Apr 3, 2023 | 95.30% (0.95300) | 98.91th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 7, 2023 | 95.67% (0.95669) | 98.98th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 6, 2023 | 82.18% (0.82183) | 99.56th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 28, 2023 | 82.18% (0.82183) | 99.56th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Dec 11, 2022 | 82.70% (0.82704) | 99.56th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Nov 27, 2022 | 82.19% (0.82194) | 99.54th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Jun 24, 2022 | 79.61% (0.79605) | 99.45th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Mar 24, 2022 | 80.59% (0.80587) | 99.44th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 4, 2022 | 81.13% (0.81127) | 99.44th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
References (15)
- http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html mailing-listx_refsource_BUGTRAQBroken Link
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html x_refsource_MISCVendor Advisory
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html x_refsource_MISCRelease NotesVendor Advisory
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329 exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DBThird Party AdvisoryVDB Entry
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/31434 exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DBThird Party AdvisoryVDB Entry
- http://www.osvdb.org/78276 vdb-entryx_refsource_OSVDBBroken Link
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2012-0394 Vendor Advisory
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=773167 Issue Tracking
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hmvj-gc9q-mg9p Advisory
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/34c80dae734e70f13c0e46f9c83602fb71318e58
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/9cad25f258bb2629d263f828574d2671366c238d
- https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3729
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0394
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-0394
- https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt x_refsource_MISCBroken Link
Change history (0)
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