struts: User input is evaluated as an OGNL expression when there's a conversion error
Published Jan 8, 2012 ·Due Jul 21, 2022
9.8
CRITICALCVSS 3.1
EPSS 75.60%
Description
The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.
Affected products
Remediation
Red Hat statement
A previous statement by Red Hat related to this CVE, prior to August 2019, said that Apache Struts 2 is not included in any Red Hat products. This earlier statement was incorrect. While Struts 2 is not actively compiled, shipped, used, or enabled in any Red Hat provided final products, and does not cause any vulnerability in the product, struts2-core jars have been included in some products' source code packages. The inclusion was part of an import of the Google Guice repository, which includes struts2-core. Customers that build artefacts from our source code could be at risk. Red Hat will remove these artefacts from source code in future releases. The products that included the Struts 2 artefacts in their source jars: Fuse Service Works 6.0.0 Single Sign On 7.3.0+ If you have used the source package from one of these products to build artefacts on your system, you should do the following to remove potentially affected jars: 1. Run 'find . -name struts2*.jar' under the source location 2. Remove any files found This will not affect the product, as the jar is included with the source of google-guice, but no functionality requiring struts2 is implemented.
Metrics
No CVSS v4.0 score for this CVE.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
No CVSS v3.0 score for this CVE.
AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
Date Added
Jan 21, 2022
Patch Due
Jul 21, 2022
Required Action
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
CISA SSVC (Vulnrichment)
Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization from CISA ADP.
Exploitation
ActiveAutomatable
YesTechnical Impact
TotalDecision
n/aAssessed Feb 10, 2025 · SSVC 2.0.3
Estimated probability of exploitation in the wild in the next 30 days (FIRST EPSS). As of Oct 1, 2026.
Score over time
2022–2026- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Percentile over time
- EPSS v2
- EPSS v3
- EPSS v4
- EPSS v5
Table of values (30 key points)
Flat stretches are collapsed; showing up to 120 newest points.
| Date | Score | Percentile | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2026 | 75.60% (0.75599) | 99.51th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Jun 15, 2026 | 75.07% (0.75071) | 99.44th | v5 (v2026.06.15) |
| Feb 14, 2026 | 88.32% (0.88319) | 99.48th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Dec 24, 2025 | 89.52% (0.89518) | 99.53th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Oct 22, 2025 | 90.54% (0.90543) | 99.58th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 17, 2025 | 91.75% (0.91753) | 99.67th | v4 (v2025.03.14) |
| Mar 13, 2025 | 12.04% (0.12045) | 95.47th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Feb 11, 2025 | 14.10% (0.14097) | 95.73th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Dec 17, 2024 | 16.68% (0.16678) | 96.01th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Sep 17, 2024 | 18.65% (0.18648) | 96.32th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Jul 22, 2024 | 28.79% (0.28789) | 96.92th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| May 24, 2024 | 30.84% (0.30838) | 96.97th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| May 10, 2024 | 33.13% (0.33127) | 97.01th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Apr 25, 2024 | 36.17% (0.36171) | 97.10th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Apr 12, 2024 | 29.32% (0.29316) | 96.81th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 15, 2024 | 36.44% (0.36440) | 97.04th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Feb 17, 2024 | 33.04% (0.33037) | 96.89th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Feb 8, 2024 | 32.81% (0.32813) | 96.87th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Jan 27, 2024 | 17.66% (0.17656) | 95.69th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Dec 4, 2023 | 20.28% (0.20280) | 95.84th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Oct 7, 2023 | 19.62% (0.19624) | 95.70th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Aug 8, 2023 | 15.64% (0.15639) | 95.18th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Apr 3, 2023 | 14.65% (0.14646) | 94.86th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 7, 2023 | 12.10% (0.12102) | 94.43th | v3 (v2023.03.01) |
| Mar 6, 2023 | 78.04% (0.78036) | 99.43th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 28, 2023 | 78.04% (0.78036) | 99.43th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Dec 11, 2022 | 78.65% (0.78646) | 99.44th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Jun 24, 2022 | 79.61% (0.79605) | 99.45th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Mar 24, 2022 | 80.59% (0.80587) | 99.44th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
| Feb 4, 2022 | 81.13% (0.81127) | 99.44th | v2 (v2022.01.01) |
References (17)
- http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html mailing-listx_refsource_BUGTRAQBroken LinkExploit
- http://secunia.com/advisories/47393 third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAVendor Advisory
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html x_refsource_CONFIRMVendor Advisory
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html x_refsource_CONFIRMVendor Advisory
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329 exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB
- https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2012-0391 Vendor Advisory
- https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=773159 Issue Tracking
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w Advisory
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/25e50069d60434a30395e3a98357ffba2bed427e
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/5f54b8d087f5125d96838aafa5f64c2190e6885b
- https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/b4265d369dc29d57a9f2846a85b26598e83f3892
- https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668 x_refsource_CONFIRMVendor Advisory
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0391
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391 government-resourceUS Government Resource
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-0391
- https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt x_refsource_MISCBroken LinkExploit
Change history (0)
No recorded changes yet.